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Cake day: July 21st, 2023

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  • To be frank, that’s the fault of most of the worlds forest management systems. You get what the article calls „new wood“, when you raise trees in open spaces. There they can rapidly expand and grow, and be felled early on. If you see forestry as plantation circles, which most of the world still does with those enormous clear cuts, you will get this kind of growth. However, if you raise forests in a more adaptive model with focus of the individual tree and a constant management, you can still manage to produce wood that is like the „old growth“ shown here. The trick is to keep the natural development of the forest in a stasis, where you take out just enough trees to promote the sprouting of new trees, but can control the rate at which they grow. This varies of course from species to species. Ideally, you have a specialist administrating the process and monitoring the appropriate amount that can be felled.



  • The phylogenetic results, combined with these other lines of evidence, suggest that the high mortality in 1918 among adults aged ∼20 to ∼40 y may have been due primarily to their childhood exposure to a doubly heterosubtypic putative H3N8 virus, which we estimate circulated from ∼1889–1900. All other age groups (except immunologically naive infants) were likely partially protected by childhood exposure to N1 and/or H1-related antigens.

    The Spanish flu apparently had the N1 complex present, to which the 20-40y population wasn’t exposed. At least that’s my limited understanding after skimming the paper.